Mens Element
Strict liability crimes have no mens rea element and thus permit punishment of those who may be blameless or w
Strict liability crimes have no mens rea element and thus permit punishment of those who may be blameless or who committed the crime by truly unavoidable accidents. What are the pros and cons of strict liability crimes?
You’ve stacked the deck in the way you’ve asked the question. Just because a crime does not require intent does not mean that those who commit the crime “may be blameless.” Indeed, society has decided otherwise. In the case of these crimes, society decides that simply doing the bad act is enough to merit the blame — without regard to intent.
The most obvious example is traffic law. There is no mens rea (bad intent) required to give a driver a speeding ticket. If she was going faster than the speed limit, that’s enough — she gets a ticket and has to accept her punishment (unless she can prove she didn’t actually break the law). Society has decided in this instance that the burden of having to prove intent on the part of the driver is not worth the related protection of the innocent.
The other most common example of strict liability is statutory rape. In that case, if an adult has sex with a child, it’s rape — no investigation into intent is necessary in most if not all states. This obviates the need to inquire as to whether the adult really thought the child was an adult — in other words, it puts the full obligation on the adult to be sure that his sexual partner is an adult, or suffer the risk of consequences.
There are no “pros and cons” to strict liability without attaching the concept to the crime in question. Should there be strict liability for speeding? Probably — it’s not worth it to worry about the intent of the driver. Should there be strict liability for statutory rape? Probably — it would otherwise too easy for culpable adults to feign ignorance of the victim’s true age. Should there be strict liability for burglary? Probably not — someone might accidentally stumble into the wrong home, thus technically breaking the law, but without the intent necessary to make the conduct worthy of societal prohibition.
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